Eastern Fence Lizards: Georgia’s Favorite Backyard Lizard
Fence lizards are fascinating and agile reptiles native to various regions across North America. In Georgia, the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) can be commonly found throughout the state, captivating nature enthusiasts and herpetologists alike. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the world of fence lizards in Georgia, exploring their appearance, behavior, preferred habitat, and their role in the ecosystem.
About Fence Lizards
Appearance
The Eastern Fence Lizard is a medium-sized lizard, measuring approximately 4 to 7.25 inches in length, including its tail. Males are typically larger than females and have more pronounced coloration. Males exhibit a grayish-brown or greenish-brown dorsal surface, with a series of wavy or irregular dark crossbands. Their throats are typically blue or blue-green, with blue patches on their sides, particularly during the breeding season. Females have a more subdued coloration, with a gray or brown dorsal surface and dark crossbands. Unlike males, females have white or pale blue throats and lack the blue patches on their sides.
Habitat
Eastern Fence Lizards are commonly found in a variety of habitats across Georgia, including mixed woodlands, forests, grasslands, and even residential areas. They prefer habitats with plenty of vegetation, rocks, or wood piles, which provide ample cover and basking opportunities. As their name suggests, fence lizards are often found on fences, tree trunks, or other elevated surfaces, where they can easily evade predators and hunt for prey.
Behavior
Fence lizards are diurnal reptiles, meaning they are most active during the day. They are excellent climbers and are known for their agility and speed. When threatened, fence lizards may exhibit a behavior called “push-up display,” in which they rapidly bob their heads and bodies up and down while displaying their vibrant throat and side patches. This display is used to deter predators or assert dominance over other lizards.
Eastern Fence Lizards are ectothermic, relying on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. They can often be found basking in the sun on rocks, fences, or branches to warm up before becoming active.
Diet
Eastern Fence Lizards are primarily insectivores, feeding on a wide variety of insects, such as ants, beetles, spiders, and caterpillars. They may also occasionally consume small invertebrates like snails and slugs. Their diet helps control insect populations in their habitats, making them essential members of their ecosystems.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
The breeding season for Eastern Fence Lizards in Georgia occurs from April to July. Males display their bright throat and side patches to attract females and establish their territories. After mating, females lay a clutch of 3 to 16 eggs in a shallow nest, typically dug in sandy or loose soil. The eggs are left unattended and hatch after approximately 45 to 60 days. The hatchlings are fully independent and resemble miniature versions of the adults. Eastern Fence Lizards have a lifespan of around 4 to 5 years in the wild.
Role in the Ecosystem and Conservation
Eastern Fence Lizards play a crucial role in their ecosystems as both predators and prey. By preying on various insects and invertebrates, they help maintain a balance in their environment. In turn, fence lizards serve as a food source for various predators, such as birds, snakes, and larger reptiles.
Fence lizards also serve as indicators of environmental health. Their presence in a given area can signal a healthy, balanced ecosystem, while a decline in their populations may indicate environmental stressors or habitat degradation.
Currently, the Eastern Fence Lizard is not considered a threatened or endangered species. However, like many other reptiles, they face challenges such as habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. To ensure the survival of these fascinating creatures, it is essential to support conservation efforts, such as habitat protection and restoration, monitoring and research initiatives, and public education and outreach programs.
Coexisting with Fence Lizards
Fence lizards may occasionally be found in residential areas, particularly near wooded or vegetated spaces. If you come across a fence lizard in your yard or garden, it is essential to remember that these reptiles are harmless and beneficial to the environment. They help control insect populations, which can be advantageous in keeping your garden healthy and pest-free.
To promote a fence lizard-friendly environment, you can:
- Provide natural cover: Leave rocks, logs, or brush piles in your yard to create hiding and basking spots for fence lizards.
- Minimize pesticide use: Using fewer chemicals in your garden will not only protect fence lizards but also promote a healthy, balanced ecosystem.
- Keep pets under control: Ensure that pets, such as cats or dogs, do not disturb or harm the fence lizards in your yard.
- Educate others: Share your knowledge about fence lizards with friends, family, and neighbors to promote understanding and appreciation for these remarkable reptiles.
Final Thoughts
The Eastern Fence Lizard is a captivating and essential member of Georgia’s diverse ecosystems. By understanding and appreciating these agile and fascinating reptiles, we can help conserve their habitats and ensure their continued presence in Georgia’s natural landscapes. Whether you encounter them in the wild or in your backyard, fence lizards are a testament to the remarkable biodiversity and beauty of Georgia’s wildlife.
